It's almost summertime, and many high schoolers take advantage of the season by attending pre-college programs. With thousands of options out there, choosing the right one can feel overwhelming. The best approach is simple: pick something that aligns with your academic interests. When helping students choose a major, I always share a few guiding principles. One of the most important being: does this major offer transferable skills? The more transferable the skills, the broader your career options. Mathematics is a perfect example, which is why it remains one of the most popular undergraduate choices. In this article, I'll introduce 10 outstanding math summer programs. Whether you're leaning toward a math major or a field that applies math, building a strong academic foundation in the subject is an essential part of your preparation. IMA-MathCEP Math Modeling Camp Dates: June 22–26 Location: University of Minnesota Application Deadline: May 31 Cost: Free This free program invites high schoolers to tackle real-world problems through mathematical modeling — think traffic loads on bridges or how climate change might affect natural resources. Beyond the math, students build skills in problem-solving, teamwork, and sustained focus. It's a non-residential program, with preference given to students from Minnesota, particularly those in the Twin Cities area. Stanford Math Camp (SUMaC) Dates: Online session 1: June 15–July 3 Online session 2: July 6–24 Residential session: June 21–July 17 Location: Online and Stanford University Application Deadline: February 2 Cost: Online: $3,750 Residential: $8,950 SUMaC comes in two formats: a three-week online course or a four-week residential program. Students dive deep into advanced mathematics through lectures, mentored research, and small group discussions. Spots are extremely competitive — only 64 students are admitted to the online program and 40 to the residential one. MathILy at Bryn Mawr College Dates: June 28–August 1 Location: Bryn Mawr College Application Deadline: April 28 Cost: $6,175 MathILy is a five-week residential summer math program for high schoolers. It uses an inquiry-based, hands-on teaching approach, built on the idea that when bright students meet great math, learning and fun naturally follow. The program has a distinctly liberal-arts, quirky charm — it's all about the joy of mathematics. Classes run six days a week, roughly seven hours a day split between morning and evening sessions. Michigan Math & Science Scholars (MMSS) Dates: • Session 1: June 21–July 3 • Session 2: July 5–17 • Session 3: July 19–31 Location: University of Michigan Application Deadline: Rolling Cost: $2,600 MMSS accepts students in grades 10, 11, and 12 for a residential program held on the University of Michigan campus. Beyond coursework, students get a real taste of life at a major research university: living in dorms, working in labs, attending classes, and learning from professors, grad students, and upperclassmen. The program offers three separate two-week sessions, and students can enroll in one, two, or all three. HCSSiM – Hampshire College Summer Studies in Mathematics Dates: June 28–August 8 Location: Hampshire College Application Deadline: N/A Cost: $7,208 HCSSiM is a rigorous six-week summer program in Massachusetts. Admission is highly competitive; the acceptance rate is 5%–7%. It’s designed for motivated students with a talent and passion for math. Students don't just absorb theory; they actively engage in proofs and research. The program includes lectures, discussions, math workshops, three-week "Maxi" courses taught by senior faculty, and shorter, more specialized "Mini" courses. It's free for domestic students from households earning under $85,000 a year, and financial aid is available to all admitted students. UPenn Mathematics Academy Dates: July 11–25 Location: University of Pennsylvania Application Deadline: Rolling Cost: $6,700 This two-week residential program exposes high schoolers to advanced math topics rarely covered in high school, including: Non-Euclidean geometry and topology Game theory and combinatorics Graph theory Mathematical logic Learning happens through a mix of lectures, workshops, group projects, computer simulations, and seminars. Students enrolled in Philadelphia public schools or charter schools are eligible to attend free of charge. Rutgers Young Scholars Program in Discrete Mathematics Dates: July 6–31 Location: Rutgers University Application Deadline: Rolling Cost: $4,800 The four-week summer program held at Rutgers University. Alongside the math curriculum, the program brings in working professionals from math-related fields to talk about careers and job prospects — a great opportunity for students considering a future in mathematics to hear from people already living it. Summer Math Program for Young Scholars (NYU) Dates: August 10–28 Location: New York University (NYU) Application Deadline: March 31 Cost: $2,500 Hosted by NYU's Center for Mathematical Talent, this is a three-week in-person summer program. NYU has an outstanding mathematics department, and its applied math program consistently ranks #1 in the country. The curriculum covers college-level topics including computer science foundations, graph theory, knots and surfaces, and number theory. COSMOS – California State Summer School for Mathematics & Science Dates: • July 5–31 (UC Irvine and UC San Diego) • July 5–August 1 (UC Davis, UCLA, UC Merced, and UC Santa Cruz) Location: UC Davis, UC Irvine, UCLA, UC Merced, UC San Diego, and UC Santa Cruz Application Deadline: February 7 Cost: $5,518 COSMOS runs across six UC campuses (UC Davis, UC Irvine, UCLA, UC Merced, UC San Diego, and UC Santa Cruz). It's designed to give high schoolers access to hands-on STEM experiences — labs, projects, and real-world applications — that they wouldn't typically encounter in a regular school setting. The goal is to spark interest in STEM and help students explore potential career paths, so the material is accessible rather than intensely advanced. Mathworks Honors Summer Math Camp Dates: June 21–August 1 Location: Texas State University Application Deadline: Rolling Cost: $6,600 A competitive six-week residential program at Texas State University in San Marcos, TX, with an acceptance rate of around 15%. Students are typically passionate about math or engineering and are looking to push their skills well beyond the high school level.

College is becoming increasingly expensive Ever since Vanderbilt University’s total cost of attendance exceeded $100,000 two years ago, other universities such as Penn, Columbia, and USC have also seen certain programs cross the $100,000 mark. As a result, seeking financial aid and scholarships is no longer just a concern for working-class families. Even middle- to upper-middle-income families can feel financial pressure, especially if they have two or more children attending college at the same time. Paying for college has become a real challenge for many households.

When we talk about “T20” schools, we usually refer to the most selective universities in the U.S. including Princeton, Harvard, Stanford, MIT, Yale . For the Fall 2026 admissions cycle, it’s important to understand one key reality: T20 schools are reaches for every student , even those with top grades, strong test scores, and impressive extracurriculars. At these colleges, acceptance rates typically fall between 3%–8%, and for competitive majors like computer science, engineering, and business-related fields, the effective admit rate can be even lower. So, what matters most when applying to Top 20 universities? Based on cases from our own students, I’ll break it down today. Choosing the right major is crucial Hot majors include: Computer Science Engineering (especially Mechanical, Electrical, Aerospace) Business / Economics Pre-Health tracks The choice of your major might determine your chances of admission to certain colleges. It’s important to set your goals and priorities: is your academic interest more important, or is the school itself more important? Would you be willing to attend a lower-ranked school for your preferred major, or would you prefer to aim for top colleges even if it means studying your second or third choice of academic interest? The importance of applying early At many private universities, 40%–60% of incoming students are admitted through early applications, and ED does offer an advantage. However, because of this, more and more students are applying early, making the competition even tougher. Early application results are also heavily influenced by institutional priorities, such as fit, geographic diversity, and special talents, especially athletics. The importance of academic performance Grade inflation is very real. Even if a student has all A’s or A-’s, admission can still be difficult if they are not in the top 10% of their class. (Tip: being in the top 10% is a key.) Top colleges expect students to take the most challenging courses available at their high school and maintain strong grades. This usually means honors or AP classes, especially in subjects related to their intended major. Depth in extracurricular activities matters a lot Colleges want to see more than just a long list of clubs.They want meaningful involvement focused on depth over breadth. Strong activities or we call “flagship” activity needs to show: 1. Commitment – you’re willing to invest real time and effort. 2. Impact – you’ve achieved something or made a difference. 3. Consistency – your activities connect with your intended major. 4. Enthusiasm – you genuinely enjoy what you’re doing. Schools care much more about long-term commitment and real impact than simple resume-stacking. Essays Essays play a critical role. Your essays need a strong narrative. At this level, essays are not about listing accomplishments but telling your personal story and highlighting who you are, showing traits like intellectual curiosity, personal growth, and fit with the school. Recommendation letters Counselor recommendation letters are especially important. Other influencing factors Additional factors can also play a role, such as being a first-generation college student, coming from a low-income background, and demonstrated interest (visiting campus, browsing school websites, attending info sessions). However, not all schools track demonstrated interest. The very top schools usually don’t rely much on these indicators, because they don’t worry about admitted students choosing not to enroll. Schools that care more about yield, often ranked between 20 to 40, are more likely to track this data. Examples include Tufts, Northeastern, Boston University, WashU, and many liberal arts colleges. Summary Top 20 universities have extremely low acceptance rates, averaging around 3%–8% (and even lower for certain majors). They are reach schools for every student. Early applications account for about 40%–60% of admitted freshmen. For top public universities, admission is especially competitive for out-of-state students. STEM major admissions Popular schools include CMU, MIT, Stanford, Caltech, UC Berkeley, and Princeton. Strong performance in physics and calculus is essential. Activities should show hands-on problem solving, strong math skills, and initiative. Research, competitions, or independent projects are especially helpful. Pre-med track admissions Popular schools include Johns Hopkins, Harvard, Penn, and Duke. Schools care a lot about academic consistency, especially in biology and chemistry. Activities should reflect a service mindset, such as hospital volunteering, clinical exposure, and a clear sense of ethical motivation. Business major admissions Popular schools include Penn, NYU, University of Chicago, and Cornell. Schools look closely at students’ math ability, leadership, and real-world experience. Strong activities include entrepreneurship, business competitions, nonprofit work, or independent projects. Engineering major case Admitted school: University of Pennsylvania School of Engineering GPA: 99.56% AP courses: 6 SAT: 1490 Activities: Science Olympiad (grades 9–12), 1st place regional School coding club president (grades 10–12) Robotics intern (grades 10–11) NYU research intern (grades 11–12) Community service (grades 10–11) School band (grades 9–12) Junior ROTC (grades 9–12) This student’s SAT score was not especially high, and she didn’t have flashy national-level awards. Still, she was admitted to the highly competitive Penn Engineering program. There were several key reasons: First, her activities were closely aligned with her intended major. Second, all of her activities showed long-term commitment. Even her research experience was with the same team for two consecutive years. Third, she held real leadership roles. She was a president and captain in school clubs and competition teams. This is something I always emphasize to our students: it’s fine to explore in grades 9–10, but by grades 11–12, you should take on more responsibility and aim for organizer or leadership roles. Fourth, her Common App activities list was very well written. For example, for Science Olympiad, we revised it to: “Managed $1K budget for 30+, taught CAD, ensured 10+ builds; State Qualified (2x, Top 7 Teams); organized sessions & testing.” It includes concrete details and numbers. Fifth, her essays were excellent. They highlighted specific experiences from her activities and, more importantly, tied everything together with a strong personal narrative and clear application theme. This helped her stand out clearly from other engineering applicants. Finally, she applied early. Science major case Admitted school: Yale University GPA: 4.45 / 4.0 AP courses: 8 College courses: 2 SAT: 1500 Activities: Environmental Science Club (grades 10–12) Student Government (grades 9–12) Asian Culture Club (grades 9–12) Fundraising activities (grades 10–11) Online research Part-time paid work, 11–20 hours per week This student’s SAT score was not especially high, and she didn’t have standout national awards. Still, she was admitted to Yale. There were several key reasons: First, the activities were closely connected to the intended major. Second, the student showed long-term commitment through multi-year involvement. Third, the student held leadership roles in school clubs. Fourth, the overall profile was well balanced: strong academically but also showing personality and individuality. Fifth, the major choice mattered. We chose environmental science, which is relatively less competitive compared to some other science fields. Sixth, the essays clearly highlighted the application theme and had a strong personal narrative. Seventh, there was an in-state advantage. Finally, the student fully used available “buffs” in the application process by applying through QuestBridge. QuestBridge is designed for underprivileged students and places more emphasis on family background and personal challenges. For students who qualify, I strongly recommend using QuestBridge. Economics major case Admitted schools: Johns Hopkins University GPA: 4.0 Courses: 9 Honors and AP courses SAT: 1580 Activities: FBLA (grades 9–12) Student Council (grades 9–12) Diamond Challenge (pitch round) Online research Independent research Wharton Global Youth Program Economics for Leaders U.S. Senate PAGE Program This student fits a profile we see fairly often: perfect GPA, great SAT score. He was admitted for several clear reasons: First, the academic profile was very strong: high GPA and a large number of rigorous courses. Second, the activities closely matched the intended major. Third, school-based activities showed long-term commitment and real leadership. In Student Council, the student eventually became president. Fourth, there was a strong passion project: independent research, which really stood out. Fifth, the student had clear “flagship” experiences, especially the U.S. Senate PAGE Program and the independent research project. Key takeaways from all three cases To be admitted to top universities, students usually meet several of these conditions: A high GPA percentage is critical. SAT scores don’t have to be perfect, but GPA must be strong and percentage matters more than just letter grades. Long-term involvement in school activities is important, with leadership roles taken on after 11th grade. Strong major-related activities outside of school, such as research, competitions, or independent projects. For students without special “buffs,” having a flagship project is especially important. A clear and cohesive application theme that balances academics and personal qualities, with a strong personal narrative. Well-written essays that clearly support the application theme and personal story. A strong counselor recommendation letter. In-state advantage, when applicable. If you have application “buffs,” make sure to use them.

Not every student is a “superstar” with national awards or world-class research. Most students are regular kids with solid academics and a mix of interests. The good news? Elite colleges don’t only admit “prodigies.” What really matters is how well students plan, present, and connect their extracurriculars to their academic goals and personal strengths. In this article, we’ll look at real cases to see: · How students with ordinary backgrounds built strong activity profiles · How to turn scattered experiences into a clear application theme · What lessons families can take away when planning activities What Counts as Extracurricular Activities? Extracurriculars include both regular activities during the school year and summer programs. They can happen on-campus (clubs, classes, competitions) or off-campus (community service, research, internships, independent projects, entrepreneurship, etc.). Why Is Choosing Activities So Hard? ● Too much information: Some say competitions matter most, others say research, and still others say volunteering. With so many opinions, it’s confusing. ● No standard measure: Unlike colleges, which at least have rankings, activities have no clear ranking or standard, so it’s hard to know what’s “good.” ● Too many options: In the U.S. alone, there are over 10,000 summer programs, plus competitions and other activities, making it overwhelming. ● Lack of clarity: If a student doesn’t know what they want to study or their career goals, it’s hard to pick activities that truly help with college applications. ● Uncertainty: Parents often worry: “Is this program really useful for admissions? It costs money and time, what if it doesn’t help?” How Do Admissions Officers Evaluate Activities? ● Relevance: How well does it connect to your academic interests, personal qualities, or strengths? ● Selectivity/Prestige: How competitive or recognized is the program? ● Commitment/Time: How long did you stick with it? ● Impact & Growth: What did you achieve? Did you grow personally? How did you use the experience? ● Context: Was the activity hard to get into? Did you overcome challenges to do it? How to Choose Activities? Based on Intended Major – e.g., if you want to study computer science, choose CS-related activities; if business, choose business-related. Based on Personal Traits. Colleges look for qualities such as drive, intellectual curiosity, initiative, serving spirit, diversity of experiences, leadership, independence, etc. Based on Strengths: Lean into your unique talents or skills. A good activity plan usually covers both academics (related to your intended major) and personal qualities or special talents Case Study 1: Interdisciplinary Focus Background: ● GPA 4.0, ACT 35/36 ● Languages: English, French, Mandarin ● Admitted to Johns Hopkins University Activities: ● Clubs: Anime Club leader, editor/writer for an online media club ● Community/Teaching: Science camp counselor for grades 3–6; group piano assistant at a local music school ● Research: Independent paper on Alzheimer’s and media coverage (guided by a professor). Applied research to real life by better understanding her grandmother’s dementia ● Summer Programs: Law Summer Program (University of Toronto), Yale Young Global Scholars ● Personal qualities: Piano (hobby), trilingual Challenges: At first, her activities were scattered and based only on personal interests instead of concrete academic direction. The student also wanted top-15 schools but hadn’t chosen a major. Application Theme: ● Academic: Cognitive science, supported by her Alzheimer’s research ● Narratives: 1. Concern for aging and social issues (inspired by her grandmother and summer law programs) 2. Connection between trilingual ability and cognitive science By framing her activities around these themes, everything started to make sense: research and languages supported both academics and personal growth. Case Study 2: Natural Sciences Background: ● GPA 4.0 ● SAT 1440 (not submitted) ● Admitted to Vanderbilt University Activities: ● Research: University youth talent program, biochemical interdisciplinary research ● Summer Programs: Columbia University biology course (genetics), University of Chicago summer seminar ● Competition: iGEM biology competition (team co-organizer) ● Clubs: Biology reading club organizer ● Sports: Soccer team Challenges: When it comes to activities, the student was unsure whether to focus on competitions or research. I found that he wasn’t very competitive and preferred research. His standout activity was the University research project, which became the core of his application. Application Theme: ● Academic: Biology (very clear direction). His research report was submitted as supplemental material. ● Narratives: Leadership and teamwork, reflected through both soccer and lab experiences. For example, conflicts in the lab reminded him of teamwork in soccer—sometimes compromise is necessary. Takeaway: A strong application isn’t just about big prizes. Even small personal stories and details (like lab teamwork) can show growth and leadership. Case Study 3: Social Sciences / Communications Background: ● GPA 4.0 ● SAT 1530 ● Admitted to Georgetown University Activities: ● Clubs: Student Council President, K-pop club member ● Competitions: FBLA business competition ● Internships: Brand management intern (Grade 9); New York State Senate campaign internship (Grade 11) ● Research: Pioneer Research Program, studied feminism in film Challenges: The student’s activities were scattered: some in business, some in media, some in politics. By senior year, she still wasn’t sure whether to apply for business or communications. Application Theme: ● Academic: Interdisciplinary study of communications, marketing, and women’s studies (more consistent with her past research and internships) ● Strategy: The student still wanted business major, so we chose schools where transferring to the business school was possible. At Georgetown, she was admitted, then successfully transferred to the business school after enrollment. Takeaway: Even if activities seem unrelated, you can create a clear narrative by connecting them under a theme. Flexibility in school choice (schools that allow major changes) is also key. Key Takeaways for Choosing and Shaping Extracurricular Activities 1. Find a Central Theme ○ Activities don’t have to be perfect from the start. But when applying, you need a clear theme that connects academics, personal qualities, and special talents. ○ Example: Cognitive Science + Alzheimer’s research + trilingual background (Johns Hopkins case). 2. Play to the Student’s Strengths ○ Not every student is cut out for competitions. Some shine in research, others in leadership, creativity, or service. ○ Example: Vanderbilt student focused on research instead of contests, which fit his personality better. 3. Details Matter ○ Admissions officers care about growth and reflection, not just big awards. ○ Even small experiences (lab teamwork, helping younger students, family inspiration) can be powerful if told well. 4. Flexibility Is Key ○ If a student is undecided on major, choose schools that allow switching majors after admission. ○ Example: Georgetown student applied with a communications theme but transferred into business after enrollment. 5. Balanced Activity Plan ○ Cover at least two areas: Academic (linked to intended major) and Personal qualities/special talents (leadership, creativity, service, sports, art, music, etc.) In short: don’t chase “what looks best” on paper. Choose activities that fit the student’s interests, strengths, and story. Then, package them into a clear theme that shows both academic direction and personal growth.

Types of Competitions There are many competitions in STEM and natural sciences. Typical examples include various Olympiads, AMC, robotics competitions, and programming contests. You probably heard of Science Bowl, Regeneron Science Talent Search, ISEF Regeneron International Science & Engineering Fair, and International Biology Olympiad (IBO). For business competitions, well-known include the Conrad Challenge and the Wharton Global High School Investment Competition. In the humanities, notable competitions include the New York Times Writing Contest and Model United Nations (MUN). Why Are Competitions Popular? A big reason is the strong focus on STEM. A lot of students aim for STEM majors, and that’s where the bulk of academic competitions are. So it naturally leads to more students getting involved in things like math contests, programming challenges, and science fairs. There’s also a bit of a herd mentality at play. For many parents, college admissions can feel confusing and unpredictable. When they see other families diving into competitions, it’s easy to think, “Well, everyone else is doing it , maybe we should too.” What’s Good About Competitions? · They're clear and measurable. Unlike some other extracurriculars, competitions have a built-in scoreboard. A gold medal is better than a silver. it’s easy to understand and explain. Prestigious contests like ISEF or IMO speak for themselves. When families are uncertain about activity planning, competitions often seem like an easier starting point compared to options like research or independent projects. · They show real academic strength. For students applying to STEM or other technical majors, competitions are a great way to demonstrate ability and potential. They help show you’re serious about your interests. What Are the Downsides? · They’re hard. Really hard. Top colleges don’t just want “competition participants”, instead, they notice the winners. And winning at national or international levels is incredibly competitive: only a few students can get to the top every year. Meanwhile, thousands are doing the same contests. That’s a tough playing field. · They take a lot of time. To do well, you can’t just jump in last minute. Many students train and compete for years. Compared to other types of activities, competitions can be a big investment of time with no guaranteed return. That said, if a student enjoys competitions and shows potential, great! But it’s not for everyone. Forcing it rarely works. It’s important to know your strengths and work with them. There are plenty of other ways to stand out, especially in math and science: join a summer program, do academic research, start a club or teach others, work on an independent project, take an intern, etc. The activity itself doesn’t have to be flashy. What matters is that it fits your overall narrative, shows real effort, and helps colleges understand who you are. There’s no such thing as a "perfect activity", just one that makes sense for you. What Do Admissions Officers Look for in Competitions? · The prestige and difficulty level of the competition · What kind of skills you demonstrated (academic, teamwork, communication, creativity) · The time and effort you put in · How you grew through the experience So, How Should You Choose Competitions? · Once you understand how admissions officers evaluate these things, you can work backward: · Go for well-recognized competitions if possible · Pick ones where you can really show your skills and commitment · Choose experiences that help you grow · And realistically, since we all have limited time and resources, here’s how to narrow it down: · Start with competitions that your school supports, or ones where you have access to training or mentorship · Pick contests that match your interests and your style. For example: If you’re applying for computer science, look at math or CS contests. Think about whether you prefer team events or individual ones, timed tests or long-term projects.

What Kind of Students Do Ivy League Schools Want? Each year when I attend national college counseling conferences and speak with admissions officers from top colleges, I find that the most favored students can be summarized as: "Genuinely interesting people generate genuinely interesting achievements." Let me start with one of our students who was admitted to Princeton. She was a physics whiz who had won several major competition medals. Of course, she was very smart, did well academically, loved reading, researching, and thinking—classic traits of most top students. But what I want to emphasize is that people often think these students succeed because they’re naturally gifted, when in fact, it’s more about unparalleled effort. For example, every time we met via video call, she was always in the lab. That was how she spent nearly every single day. The second student was admitted to UPenn. She exemplified another trait that I find in many outstanding students: a clear, unwavering sense of self-awareness and values. Truly knowing yourself doesn't mean saying, "I want to study business because I want to be an entrepreneur" or "I want to study science because I want to be a scientist." It means having seriously thought about questions like “Who am I?” and “What do I really want?” and having a concrete plan. This student came to us two years in advance to start planning, and over that time, I always noticed that she had a strong sense of self-direction and clarity about her goals. The third student was admitted to Columbia. She had been living in a boarding school since middle school, so she was very independent. She had her own opinions and a perfectionist streak—so much so that she often finished her assignments at the very last minute, which made both me and her essay advisor quite frustrated at times. These students had very different personalities—some were outgoing, others introverted—but they all shared a few key qualities: Clear self-awareness Confident and humble Strong self-discipline and action-oriented mindset This self-discipline and ability to act isn’t just about time management. There's a word in English—"grit"—which can be translated as the willingness to sacrifice short-term pleasure for long-term goals. These students were willing to put in the effort and give up temporary fun for something greater, whether their goals were mature or still evolving. I’ve found that these are the qualities all Ivy League schools value most. And of course, these qualities don’t develop overnight, but rather through years of intentional practice. But of course, we can’t require students that much. Afterall they are just high school students and should enjoy their lives. Our job is to advise them from an admission’s perspective and maximize students’ chance to get into top schools. That’s said, let’s talk about what it actually takes to get into an Ivy League school. In short, quite a lot. Let’s start with a quick math problem. Take a mid-tier Ivy League school as an example: the University of Pennsylvania (UPenn). For the Class of 2024, UPenn received 59,465 applications: 4,748 from in-state applicants, 41,407 from out-of-state applicants, and 12,210 from international students. The acceptance numbers were as follows: 419 in-state students (8.8% acceptance rate), 2,651 out-of-state students (6.4%), and 419 international students (3.1%). Additionally, 3,010 students were placed on the waitlist, and only 40 were eventually admitted — that’s a 1.3% acceptance rate from the waitlist. From these numbers, it's clear that test scores alone don’t determine admission decisions: because most applicants have great scores. What really makes the difference are the non-academic factors. Let’s look at them one by one. Rigor of secondary school record This refers to both the difficulty of the courses you took and the overall academic level of your high school. First, did you take the hardest classes available, like honors or advanced courses? Second, is your school a “key school”? Application Essays By now after attending all the webinars and reading articles I have done, I think everyone understands how important the application essay is. If you’re still putting 70% of your effort into test prep and only 30% into your essays, it’s time to reevaluate. The story matters, but your storytelling skills matter even more. Your essay is essentially your autobiography — it should reflect your achievements, activities, personality, strengths, and standout traits. There are a few common mistakes students make when writing their essays: 1. Weak logical flow. We’ve worked with many students who have deep, thoughtful ideas. When talking to us, they can express themselves clearly. But once they start writing, things fall apart. Their English might be great, but the logic is unclear — they skip steps, and their evidence doesn’t actually support their main points. 2. Trying to say too much. Some students want to cram everything they’ve ever done into one essay. The result? It reads like an extended resume, not a personal story. 3. Trying too hard. In an attempt to stand out, some students exaggerate or present themselves in ways that feel fake or disconnected from reality, in one sentence, make themselves not like high school students. 4. Misunderstanding what’s important. Some students highlight things that don’t matter and ignore the details that actually do. 5. Vague praise, no specifics. Some essays sound more like self-assessments — full of compliments but lacking concrete examples or details that bring the story to life. These mistakes aren’t about English skills. The real issue is in the logic and the misunderstanding of what colleges are actually looking for. Recommendation Letters You’ll need two to three recommendation letters: one from your counselor and the rest from your teachers. The most important one is the counselor’s letter because it gives an overall assessment of you as a student. When we help students prepare for recommendations, we always provide a detailed questionnaire to work through together. The answers help teachers write strong, well-rounded letters. Personal Qualities This refers to the key words I mentioned earlier when we discussed different students. Things like leadership, initiative, independence, curiosity, and so on. These traits should come through clearly in your application. Extracurricular Activities We’ve talked a lot about extracurriculars before, so I won’t repeat too much here. But I want to emphasize again: your activities should align with your application theme. Special Talents Again, something we’ve already covered in earlier posts. First-Generation College Students Since the Supreme Court struck down Affirmative Action, being a first-generation college student has become even more important in the admissions process. In-State Residents Even for private schools like UPenn, whether you're an in-state resident can have an impact. Volunteering / Work Experience These also play a role in shaping your application and showing your maturity and initiative. How Scores and Non-Academic Materials Work Together in College Applications Your test scores help determine which schools are within reach for you, but it’s the non-academic parts of your application that will ultimately decide if you get in. These non-academic factors can seem unclear. There’s no one-size-fits-all formula, which leaves many students don’t know how to approach them. That’s why I want to introduce you to a key idea: your application theme. Once you grasp this concept, everything else — your essays, activities, recommendations, and interviews — will fall into place and start making sense. What Is an Application Theme? It’s the main message of your entire application. In simple terms, what kind of person do you want the admissions office to see? This is your “personal brand” or “main selling point” — the story you’re telling with every part of your application, like pieces coming together in a jigsaw puzzle.

Can a 1530 SAT Score Get You into Princeton? Let me share a real case. One of our students scored 1530 on the SAT. Her dream school was Princeton, and she was very worried that her score might hold her back. Do you think she had a chance? In the end, she got accepted. So, test scores are not the most critical factor—your overall competitiveness is. Today we’re talking about early-stage activity planning. If you’re already in Grade 12, this advice may not apply as you’re likely short on time. But for younger students, your biggest advantage is time. Principle 1: The "Winner Takes All" Rule What does "Winner Takes All" mean? Let’s take the example of the world’s three greatest tenors: Pavarotti, Domingo, and Carreras. To the average person, their singing may sound similar, but if you only had one chance to attend a concert, 90% of people would choose Pavarotti because he is the most famous. College admissions work the same way. A real example: a student we had before made to the national finalist in the Chemistry Olympiad but was not admitted to MIT. That’s the “Winner Takes All” rule—you need to be in the top 1% to 5% in your activity. Whether it's Model UN, research, or competitions, the best rule is to be the best. Here are three takeaways from this principle: 1. If you’re in the top 1% to 5% of any field, admissions officers will take notice. 2. The difficulty of an activity matters less than your ranking. For example, winning a national Model UN might be easier than a national violin award, but they have a similar impact. 3. Choose activities that highlight your academic interests, personal qualities, and/or talents. In short, activities should connect with your application theme. Principle 2: Time Management Many students worry about balancing top-tier activities with heavy schoolwork. This is where time management comes in. To save time while maintaining quality: 1. Learn effective note-taking. 2. Preview material and go to class with questions. 3. Focus for 45 minutes, then take a 10-minute break. 4. Put away your phone. 5. Don’t set unrealistic goals. 6. Sleep when you’re tired. Following these can cut your time spent on schoolwork by 40-50%. With time freed up, you can focus on activities that boost your college application. There are three specific strategies in terms of how to allocate your time to plan activities. 1. Block out regular time each week for activities, like every Saturday morning or after school. 2. Build a reading habit. It improves focus, writing, and helps you find long-term interests. Read what you enjoy—travel, tech, history, etc. No need to force yourself to read classics. 3. Join school clubs. They’re the most accessible resources. Expand outside school only when your needs and interests grow, usually around Grade 10. Principle 3: Focus Your Energy To be the best in any field, you need not only time management but also focus. This means not just giving your full attention while doing something, but also narrowing your efforts to just a few things. Why? “Bonus Points from Admissions Officers”: If you're truly exceptional in a field, admissions officers give you extra admiration beyond your achievements. One student competed in physics from elementary school through to international competitions. These accomplishments formed a powerful narrative, earning them this admiration. “Less is More”: Don’t fill your résumé with easily replicable activities. Focused, meaningful achievements are far more impactful. No admissions officer wants to admit a “peacock” student—someone who looks flashy but lacks depth. Principle 4: Innovation Principle Now, what kinds of activities should you do? Many students think being unique is the key. That logic is only partly correct--standing out matters—but it's often misunderstood. Let me explain. First, in fields like STEM, the highest-value competitions are few and widely known. If you want to take the competition path, you can’t avoid these. If you’re doing research, the metrics for evaluating it are similar. It’s like dancing with shackles—you work within a framework. But it doesn’t mean you must do something no one else has ever done. Instead, find a way to be different within the things everyone else is also doing. That said, you can certainly innovate and create something original. For example, we had a student who applied for business started his own company, and student applied for economics conducted field research. But these efforts came after brainstorming with a clear idea and goal, and planed execution. If you're just trying to be different for the sake of it, and only then start looking for ideas or projects, you're putting the cart before the horse.

I will first introduce schools that are generally generous with financial aid, followed by those that are more accessible—schools that are relatively easier to get into and also offer good financial support. First is Yale University. The average grant or scholarship amount is $63,520, and as we discussed previously, grants and scholarships do not need to be repaid. About 52% of students receive them. The average out-of-pocket cost is $18,650. Yale promises to meet 100% of students' demonstrated financial need, and does so without requiring student loans. This includes both need-based and non-need-based aid. Yale waives all costs for families with annual incomes below $75,000. For families earning between $75,000 and $200,000, the required contribution ranges from 1% to 20% of their income. Second is Dartmouth College. The average grant or scholarship amount is $62,290, with 45% of students receiving aid. The average out-of-pocket cost is $19,210. Dartmouth waives all tuition for families earning less than $125,000 and provides loan-free financial aid packages, meaning all aid is in the form of grants or scholarships that don’t require repayment. Third is Harvard University. The average grant or scholarship amount is $61,800, with 56% of students receiving aid. The average out-of-pocket cost is $19,490. Harvard covers all costs for families earning less than $85,000. Families with incomes between $85,000 and $150,000 typically contribute no more than 10% of their annual income. Fourth is Northwestern University. The average grant or scholarship amount is $61,720, with about half of students receiving aid. The average out-of-pocket cost is $22,100. At Northwestern, around 60% of undergraduates receive financial aid. Among families earning less than $120,000 annually, 97% receive assistance. Next is Wellesley College. The average grant or scholarship amount is $61,330, with 59% of students receiving aid. The average out-of-pocket cost is $21,360. Wellesley eliminates student loans for families earning under $100,000 and caps the total family contribution at $28,000. For other students with financial need, aid packages may include loans, but the loan amount is limited to $3,000 in the first year, with a four-year total cap of $15,200. Sixth is Columbia University. The average grant or scholarship amount is $61,060, with 52% of students receiving aid. The average out-of-pocket cost is $22,060. Columbia waives all costs for students from families earning less than $66,000. Seventh is Stanford University. The average grant or scholarship amount is $60,620, with 53% of students receiving aid. The average out-of-pocket cost is $18,280. Stanford uses a need-based assessment model for financial aid, similar to need-aware, focusing resources on those who need it most. For the class of 2026, students receiving aid were awarded over $68,000 in scholarships on average. Families earning under $225,000—more than 95% of them—receive aid. Families earning less than $75,000 receive over $86,000 in scholarships and grants on average. Though these schools are generous, they are also highly competitive in admissions. Are there generous schools that are less difficult to get into? The answer is Yes. Washington University in St. Louis is a private university ranked 21st nationally, located in St. Louis, Missouri. While admission is still competitive, it's somewhat more accessible than the schools above. The average grant or scholarship is $58,190, with 43% of students receiving aid. The average out-of-pocket cost is $23,430. Colby College is a liberal arts college in Maine, ranked 25th nationally. The average grant or scholarship is $61,720, with 41% of students receiving aid. Colby waives tuition for students from families earning less than $75,000. For families earning less than $150,000, the annual parent contribution is capped at $15,000. Colby uses a need-aware admission policy, meaning financial need is considered in admissions decisions. Still, 95% of families earning up to $200,000 qualify for aid, and nearly half of all incoming students receive some form of financial assistance. Haverford College is a liberal arts college located in the suburbs of Philadelphia, ranked 24th nationally. The average grant or scholarship is $58,000, with 45% of students receiving aid. The average out-of-pocket cost is $23,480. Berea College, ranked 40th nationally, is unique in several ways. Since 1892, it has not charged students any tuition. Currently, the total fee is only $726, covering both tuition and fees. Compared to the national average tuition of $51,147, Berea's cost is almost negligible. Colgate University , which may sound like a made-up school due to its similarity to the toothpaste brand, is actually a top-ranked liberal arts college, ranked 22nd nationally. The university is indeed connected to the Colgate family—William Colgate, the founder of the Colgate company, helped establish the school. Located in Hamilton, New York, Colgate offers an average grant or scholarship of $54,650 to 41% of students. The average out-of-pocket cost is $27,070. A few final suggestions: Although public universities often have lower tuition, they tend to offer fewer scholarships. Don’t be intimidated by their high sticker prices. All the schools we’ve covered today are private institutions. Private colleges often provide very generous aid, and most students receive some financial support. A high-ranking school is not necessarily more generous. Choose between need-blind and need-aware schools based on your actual financial situation.

Need-Based vs. Non-Need-Based Need-based scholarships require students to provide evidence of financial need and are awarded based on the student's financial situation. This evidence includes filling out the FAFSA, CSS Profile, and providing tax returns, W-2 forms, etc., to demonstrate that the family's income is insufficient to cover the full costs. The need-based funding is significantly greater than non-need-based funding, because most schools prioritize need-based aid while supplementing with merit-based scholarships to ensure that students do not miss out on education due to their family’s financial situation. Different schools have different income thresholds. For example: Yale University considers families with an annual income below $75,000 eligible for need-based aid. University of Virginia (UVA) sets this threshold at $150,000 annual income. Many schools offer 100% of demonstrated need-based aid but provide very few non-need-based scholarships. Therefore, if your family income exceeds a certain threshold, you may not qualify for need-based aid, but you also might not receive much merit-based aid either. In this case, you can consider private scholarships. These are non-repayable scholarships funded by third-party organizations, such as private foundations or NGOs. However, they often have strict eligibility criteria. You can also consider federal or bank student loans. These must be repaid and often come with interest. Need-Aware vs. Need-Blind Colleges Colleges can be categorized as need-blind or need-aware when considering applicants’ financial situations during the admissions process. 1. Need-Blind Colleges Need-blind schools do not consider a student’s financial situation when making admissions decisions. This means that an applicant’s ability to pay tuition will not negatively impact their chances of being accepted. At first glance, this seems like a great option. But there are drawbacks. Many need-blind schools cannot meet 100% of students’ demonstrated financial needs. For example, a student might require $50,000 in aid but, due to limited funds and a large number of aid recipients, they might only receive $5,000. 2. Need-Aware Colleges Need-aware schools do take a student’s ability to pay into account during the admissions process. While this may seem like a disadvantage, many need-aware colleges commit to fully meeting the demonstrated need of admitted students. In short: Need-blind schools aim to be fair to all applicants but may not fully meet the financial needs of admitted students. Need-aware schools carefully assess financial need but ensure that admitted students receive adequate financial aid. 3. Need Policies for U.S. vs. International Students Some colleges apply different financial aid policies based on citizenship. For example, many schools are 100% need-blind and fully meet need-based aid for U.S. citizens and Green Card holders. However, for international students, these same schools may be need-aware, meaning financial need could influence admission decisions. Now that we’ve covered financial aid categories, let's dive into the application process, starting with the FAFSA FAFSA 1. What is FAFSA? FAFSA stands for Free Application for Federal Student Aid, which is a financial aid program funded by the U.S. federal government. The name itself indicates that it provides government-backed financial assistance to eligible students. 2. Who Can Apply for FAFSA? The following students are eligible to apply: U.S. citizens Green Card holders (permanent residents) Certain eligible non-citizens, including specific categories of I-94 card holders International students generally do not qualify, except in limited cases (such as refugees or asylees). 3. What Does FAFSA Cover? FAFSA funding consists of four main components: Federal Grants. This portion is need-based and does not require repayment, such as Pell Grant, Federal Supplemental Educational Opportunity Grant (FSEOG) Scholarships: Some FAFSA aid comes in the form of scholarships, which may have specific eligibility requirements, such as academic performance, major, or extracurricular achievements. Work-Study Programs: this allows students to earn money by working part-time at approved institutions, either on-campus or off-campus, to help cover educational expenses. Low-Interest Student Loans: these loans are provided by the federal government with lower interest rates compared to private loans. FAFSA Application Process Register an account and fill out the form ( studentaid.gov ). Each school has a different deadline, and my suggestion is to submit it as early as possible. This way, you can receive the results early and compare the financial aid packages once college admission results are released to make a comprehensive decision. CSS Profile The full name is College Scholarship Service, a financial aid program provided by College Board, which is a non-federal aid program. The CSS Profile is much smaller in scale compared to FAFSA, with about 400 colleges participating. Since CSS Profile uses non-federal funds, international students can also apply, but specific eligibility depends on each school (some schools allow international students to apply, while others do not). Families with high financial aid needs should consider choosing schools that accept both FAFSA and CSS Profile. The application opens on October 1st each year. The deadline is no later than the college application deadline (varies by school), Required documents include parents’ tax returns, tax documents from two years prior (e.g., students applying for Fall 2026 need to submit 2024 tax returns). Understanding the Award Letter After submitting the FAFSA and CSS Profile, the next step is waiting for the results. The school will send an award letter, which details the financial aid package you have received, including the types of aid and the amount of money awarded. Once you receive the award letter, you should carefully review the financial aid package and compare offers from different schools. Key Considerations When Reviewing the Award Letter Understand Your Actual Costs The school provides an estimate, but you should calculate your realistic expenses based on personal circumstances, including food, housing, transportation, etc. How to choose an offer Follow this order: Prioritize funds that don't need to be repaid (scholarships, grants). Next, consider earnings (job). Finally, consider borrowed funds (loans). What if you're not satisfied with the result? You can choose to appeal. The letter you receive will tell you how to accept the offer. Typically, you can log into your student account and select to accept the offer. When the semester starts, your aid will be disbursed. First, the school will use the funds to pay for tuition, housing, and other required fees. If there’s any leftover, it will be credited to your student account. Lastly, FAFSA needs to be renewed every year, so it’s important to ensure you meet the conditions, including filing your taxes properly and keep your tax records, and maintaining your grades to meet the school’s requirements and stay in good standing.